Biography of Mahatma Gandhi

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡæn-/;[2] Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦənd̪aːs ˈkərəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi] ( listen)); (2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable")[3]—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa[4]—is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for "father",[5] "papa"[5][6]) and Gandhiji. He is unofficially called the Father of the Nation.[7][8]

Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights. After his return to India in 1915, he set about organising peasants, farmers, and urban labourers to protest against excessive land-tax and discrimination. Assuming leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide campaigns for easing poverty, expanding women's rights, building religious and ethnic amity, ending untouchability, but above all for achieving Swaraj or self-rule.

Gandhi famously led Indians in challenging the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (250 mi) Dandi Salt March in 1930, and later in calling for the British to Quit India in 1942. He was imprisoned for many years, upon many occasions, in both South Africa and India. Gandhi attempted to practice nonviolence and truth in all situations, and advocated that others do the same. He lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn hand-spun on a charkha. He ate simple vegetarian food, and also undertook long fasts as a means of both self-purification and social protest.

莫汉达斯·卡兰彻·甘地（/ɡɑːndi，ɡæn - / [2];印度斯坦：[moːɦənd̪aːskərəmtʃənd̪ɡaːnd̪ʱi]（听））; （2年10月1869年至1948年1月30日）是反对英国统治印度独立运动的领袖。采用非暴力的公民抗命，甘地领导印度走向独立，并激发了世界各地的公民权利和自由运动。该尊称圣雄（梵文：“高心胸”，“可敬”）[3] -applied他首先于1914年在南非[4] -is现在全球范围内使用。在印度，他也被称为巴普（古吉拉特语：钟爱的 “父亲”，[5] “爸爸”[5] [6]）和圣雄甘地。他非正式称为民族之父。[7] [8]

出生于沿海古吉拉特邦，印度西部的印度商人阶级的家庭长大，并在法律上训练了在内殿，伦敦，甘地首先使用非暴力公民不服从在南非的外籍律师，在印度居民社会对公民权利的斗争。他返回印度在1915年后，他着手组织农民，农民和城市工人抗议过度的土地税和歧视。假设在1921年印度国大党领导，甘地领导全国性运动对于缓解贫困，扩大妇女权利，建立宗教和民族和睦，结束贱民，但首先实现斯瓦拉杰或自治。

甘地的名言导致印度人在挑战在1930年与400公里（250英里）丹迪食盐进军英国强加的盐税，后来在呼吁英国在1942年退出印度他被监禁多年，在很多场合，在南非和印度。甘地试图实践非暴力和真理在所有情况下，主张别人这样做。他在一个自给自足的住宅社区小幅生活和穿着印度传统的兜提和披肩，纱手纺在charkha编织。他吃了简单的素食，并且也进行了长期的斋戒既是自我净化和社会抗议的一种手段。